Comparing Gemini and Claude Citation Patterns

Method

Both engines were evaluated with matched prompts and fixed retrieval windows.

Output samples were normalized by answer length to reduce verbosity bias in citation counts.

Gemini showed higher mention breadth, while Claude repeated fewer domains more consistently.

Citation depth, measured as distinct cited URLs per answer, remained narrow for both systems in transactional prompts.

Authority clustering may explain why both engines converge on a limited source set under risk-sensitive queries.

Further tests are needed to isolate the effect of freshness, markup structure, and domain-level trust signals.

Engine	Citation Rate	Presence Rate
Gemini	35%	61%
Claude	31%	57%

Engine

Citation Rate

Presence Rate

Gemini

35%

61%

Claude

31%

57%

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